Neuropharmacology & Neurotherapeutics
DNA- and RNA-directed gene therapies
Feb. 19, 2024
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ISSN: 2831-9125
Toll Free (U.S. + Canada): 800-452-2400
US Number: +1-619-640-4660
Support: service@medlink.com
Editor: editor@medlink.com
ISSN: 2831-9125
Nearly 3,000 illustrations, including video clips of neurologic disorders.
Every article is reviewed by our esteemed Editorial Board for accuracy and currency.
Full spectrum of neurology in 1,200 comprehensive articles.
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Metabolic effects of metformin on gut bacteria to increase their vitamin B12 uptake, leading to increasing competition for available dietary vitamin B12 and ultimately to human vitamin B12 deficiency. In E. coli metformin inhibits the respiratory chain complex I, and vitamin B12 transport through the bacterial inner wall is blocked so that vitamin B12 accumulates in the periplasm. By contrast, in Bacteroides ovatus metformin upregulates respiratory chain complex V so that vitamin B12 can be transported across the inner membrane to the bacterial cytoplasm. (Source: Chen M, Shu Y, Li Q, et al. Bacteroides ovatus accelerates metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency in type 2 diabetes patients by accumulating cobalamin. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023;9[1]:51. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International [CC BY 4.0] license, creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.)