Neuromuscular Disorders
Overview of electromyography and nerve conduction studies
Dec. 06, 2020
Choroid plexus carcinoma (arteriogram)
Lateral view, arterial phase, internal carotid injection, showing an enlarged anterior choroidal artery (alongside needle on scalp) supplying the tumor. There is marked hydrocephalus. (Contributed by Dr. Sherman Stein.)
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Neuromuscular Disorders
Inclusion-body myositis
Inclusion-body myositis causes progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, typically beginning with the quadriceps and foot extensors, causing frequent falls. Hand and facial weakness and dysphagia may be involved early in other patients. It is an autoimmune, inflammatory myopathy.
May. 03, 2021
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Behavioral & Cognitive Disorders
Automatic-voluntary dissociation
Automatic-voluntary dissociation refers to the differential completion of an action depending on the patient’s attention to the task, whether performed attentively (“voluntarily”) or inattentively (“automatically”), and is not specific to a form of neuropathology or lesion localization. Dissociation can occur in either direction, with some illnesses resulting in preserved “automatic” acting but impaired “voluntary” acting, and others having the opposite pattern.
Aug. 15, 2021
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Stroke & Vascular Disorders
Medical complications of stroke
Medical complications including cardiac abnormalities, infections, and venous thromboembolism increase mortality after stroke. Venous thromboembolism is one of the most common and potentially dangerous complications because of impaired limb mobility. Post-stroke pain may be severely debilitating but difficult to control with conventional analgesics.
Jul. 21, 2021
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Epilepsy & Seizures
Progressive myoclonus epilepsies
The progressive myoclonus epilepsies are a group of genetic and rare disorders clinically characterized by the presence of typically refractory myoclonic seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, and progressive neurologic deterioration. The 5 major progressive myoclonus epilepsy entities are Unverricht-Lundborg disease, myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF), Lafora disease, the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, and sialidoses. Prognosis is disease-specific and, thus, highly variable.
Nov. 07, 2018
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Epilepsy & Seizures
EEG in epilepsy
EEG is the most useful test for evaluation of possible epilepsy, and can help classify the seizure type or epilepsy syndrome. Diagnosis is supported by interictal epileptiform discharges on the EEG and can be confirmed when EEG records an ictal rhythm during a seizure.
Apr. 09, 2021
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Childhood Degenerative & Metabolic Disorders
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency is a rare inborn error of energy metabolism involving the carnitine cycle. This enzyme deficiency is considered
Feb. 20, 2021
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Behavioral & Cognitive Disorders
Cognitive aspects of central auditory disorders
Oct. 21, 2020