Vestibular schwannoma in the left cerebellopontine angle (MRI)

Molecular diagnosis of neurologic disorders

Spasticity

Spasticity occurs in approximately two thirds of all cerebral palsy patients, and includes a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with exaggerated tendon jerks, resulting from hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex. Positive symptoms consist of exaggerated cutaneous reflexes, including nociceptive and flexor withdrawal reflexes, autonomic hyperreflexia, dystonia, and contractures. Negative symptoms include paresis, lack of dexterity, and fatigability.

Complex regional pain syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a consensus-defined clinically diagnosed pain syndrome with hyperalgesia, allodynia, vasomotor, sudomotor, motor, and trophic symptoms and signs initiated by trauma and/or immobilization. The cardinal symptom is pain that is disproportionately severe in intensity to the inciting event. Vasomotor and/or sudomotor phenomena include regional edema, erythema, increased skin temperature, and increased sweating (compared to the opposite limb).