Peripheral Neuropathies
Carbon disulfide neuropathy
May. 07, 2025
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Delirium underlying pathophysiological pathways
(A) Systemic inflammation, hypoxia‑induced perfusion deficits, and sedative and other drugs exposure constitute some of the principal triggers that affect the brain of the critically ill. (B) These insults precipitate cerebral metabolic insufficiency with ATP depletion, activate microglia and other neuro‑inflammatory pathways, destabilize cholinergic and dopaminergic signaling, and fragment thalamo‑cortical network connectivity. The resulting interaction among energy failure, inflammation, neurotransmitter imbalance, and network disintegration produces the acute cognitive and attentional disturbances that define delirium. Targeting both the upstream systemic factors and the downstream neural mechanisms may, therefore, provide the most effective strategy for prevention and treatment in the ICU setting. (Contributed by Dr. Maria Giraldez.)