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X-ray-guided extracardiac vagal stimulation

Proper position of the steerable multielectrode catheters inside the left and right internal jugular veins at the base of the skull (close to the jugular foramen) with posteromedial deflection.

(From: Aksu T, Brignole M, Calo L, et al. Cardioneuroablation for the treatment of reflex syncope and functional bradyarrhythmias: A Scientific Statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association of the ESC, the Heart Rhythm Society, the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society. Europace 2024;26[8]:euae206. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International [CC BY 4.0] license, creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.)

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