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Periodic limb movements in sleep (polysomnogram)

This 120-second segment of a polysomnogram shows a series of leg movements occurring in the left leg at 10- to 20-second intervals during N2 stage of NREM sleep in a 68-year-old woman affected by restless legs syndrome and periodic leg movements in sleep. (Contributed by Dr. Patrizia Congiu.)

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Associated Disorders

  • Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1
  • Cheyne-Stokes respiration
  • Huntington disease
  • Isaacs syndrome
  • Lewy body dementia
  • Parkinson disease
  • REM sleep behavior disorder
  • Refractory epileptic encephalopathies
  • Rett syndrome
  • Tourette syndrome
  • abrupt discontinuation of heavy marijuana use
  • alcohol toxicity
  • anemia
  • attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
  • cardiovascular disease
  • childhood beta-thalassemia
  • childhood leukemia
  • chronic musculoskeletal pain
  • congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type 1
  • congestive heart failure
  • corticobasal degeneration
  • depression
  • diffuse subcortical band heterotopia
  • dopa-responsive dystonia
  • fibrositis
  • hyperekplexia
  • hypertension
  • hypnic headache
  • iron deficiency
  • juvenile fibromyalgia
  • magnesium deficiency
  • male erectile dysfunction
  • motor neuron disease
  • multiple pregnancies
  • multiple sclerosis
  • myelopathy
  • myotonic dystrophy type 1
  • narcolepsy
  • neuroleptic toxicity
  • obstructive sleep apnea
  • pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • post-polio syndrome
  • posttraumatic stress disorder
  • pseudoperiodic limb movements
  • refractory enuresis
  • renal failure
  • restless legs syndrome
  • sickle cell disease
  • spinocerebellar ataxia type 2
  • stiff-person syndrome
  • stroke
  • tricyclic antidepressant toxicity
  • vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia