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EEG of neonate with ischemic stroke of the left middle cerebral artery

Onset of electroclinical seizures on day 2 with clonic seizures of the right arm. An EEG shows increasing seizure burden and period of status epilepticus (yellow arrow). Treatment (red arrows) with second dose of phenobarbital reduced seizure burden, but only with add-on phenytoin (initial bolus with continuous infusion) did electrographic seizures stop. (Contributed by Dr. Ronit Pressler.)

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Associated Disorders

  • acute metabolic disturbances
  • cerebral infections
  • early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathies
  • epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures
  • hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
  • self-limited (familial) neonatal epilepsy
  • self-limited (familial) neonatal-infantile epilepsy
  • vascular insults