Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (H & E image)

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a destructive, inflammatory disease of the CNS historically characterized by selective involvement of the spinal cord and optic nerves. Manifestations of NMOSD include optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and simultaneous optic nerve and spinal cord involvement. A prodrome of headache, low-grade fever, myalgia, fatigue, upper respiratory symptoms, or gastrointestinal symptoms can precede neurologic deficits.