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Photoparoxysmal responses associated with absence

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High-amplitude generalized discharges of spike/multiple spike and slow wave at 3 Hz are induced by eye closure, hyperventilation, imitating self-induction with eye-blinking maneuver, and intermittent photic stimulation. Breath-counting stopped during generalized discharges, and the impairment of cognition was also evident with errors in the sequence of the numbers. (Used with permission from: Panayiotopoulos CP. Idiopathic generalized epilepsies with myoclonic jerks. Oxford: Medicinae, 2007.)