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Interplay between lysosomes and other cellular compartments of ceramides and lipids containing ceramides

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Ceramides are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and processed in the Golgi apparatus to form sphingomyelin and more complex sphingolipids, the glycolsphingolipids. Ceramide, sphingomyelin, and glycolsphingolipids are then distributed in all cellular compartments, with specific destinies and roles. Recycling of ceramides occurs in lysosomes. The red-colored structures represent ceramides. Abbreviations: ER - endoplasmic reticulum; GA - Golgi apparatus; INM - inner nuclear membrane; L - lysosome; LR - lipid raft; PM - plasma membrane. (Source: Paciotti S, Albi E, Parnetti L, Beccari T. Lysosomal ceramide metabolism disorders: implications in Parkinson's disease. J Clin Med 2020;9(2):594. Creative Commons Attribution [CC BY] license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.)