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Eastern encephalitis virus (cycle)

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The natural inapparent cycle is between small birds and Culiseta melanura, a swamp marsh mosquito that does not bite large birds or mammals. Overflow of the cycle into various species of Aedes mosquitoes can amplify the virus into other wild birds and mammals. Aedes species may bite humans, horses, and pheasants, which can develop clinical encephalitis. (Used with permission: Johnson RT. Viral infections of the nervous system. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998:87-132.)