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Summary of the main biological functions of carbohydrates

The green boxes indicate the main biochemical functions of carbohydrates in eukaryotic cells, specifically human cells. The blue boxes indicate the main biological roles of glycans and glycoconjugates. The box labeled "pathogenesis" refers to the roles played by glycoconjugates in the pathogenesis of a wide array of human pathological conditions, including inflammation, cancer, degenerative neuromuscular disorders, and diabetes. (Source: Conte F, van Buuringen N, Voermans NC, Lefeber DJ. Galactose in human metabolism, glycosylation and congenital metabolic diseases: time for a closer look. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021;1865[8]:129898. CC BY License, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.)

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