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Leloir pathway

The four steps of the Leloir pathway are shown in order of activity, and they are mediated by (1) GALM, (2) GALK, (3) GALT, and (4) GALE. Legend: the anomeric carbon 1 (C-1) of galactose is indicated by a red dot; the UMP part of the molecules is indicated in green; the phosphate group is indicated in pink; the hydroxy group on carbon 4 (C-4) is indicated in yellow. (Source: Conte F, van Buuringen N, Voermans NC, Lefeber DJ. Galactose in human metabolism, glycosylation, and congenital metabolic diseases: time for a closer look. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021;1865[8]:129898. CC BY License, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.)

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