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Phasic activity of upper and lower limb muscles in REM sleep

This 30-second epoch of polysomnograpm shows increased phasic activity indicative of REM sleep without atonia in the lower limb leads (green arrow) and upper limb leads (blue arrow). (Contributed by Dr. Muna Irfan.)

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  • Agrypnia excitata
  • Idiopathic Lewy body disease (dementia with Lewy body disease)
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Multiple system atrophy
  • Narcolepsy
  • Nightmare disorder
  • Parasomnia overlap disorder
  • Parkinson disease
  • Shy-Drager syndrome
  • Sleepwalking
  • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (Machado-Joseph disease)
  • Synucleinopathies
  • Voltage-gated potassium channel antibody-associated limbic encephalitis