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White matter disorders: diagnosis algorithm (1)

An algorithm for the diagnosis of white matter disorders based on the pattern of abnormalities on the brain MRI. (Part 1). (APDB: adult polyglucosan body disease; ADLD: autosomal dominant leukodystrophy with autonomic symptoms; CRMCC: cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts; CTX: cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis; DRPLA: dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy; EIF2B-related disorder: vanishing white matter disease or CACH); HDLS: hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids/neuroaxonal leukodystrophy with spheroids; MLC: megalencephalic leukodystrophy with subcortical cysts; LBSL: leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation; X-ALD: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.) (From: Schiffmann R, van der Knaap MS. Invited article: an MRI-based approach to the diagnosis of white matter disorders. Neurology 2009;72(8):750-9. And: Vanderver A, Tonduti D, Schiffmann R, Schmidt J, van der knaap MS. Leukodystrophy overview. In: Pagon RA, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, et al, editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle: University of Washington, 2014.)