Ataxia and other findings in Friedreich ataxia

Hippocampal and parahippocampal seizures

Hippocampal and parahippocampal seizures are common manifestations of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. The seizures are characterized by auras evolving into complex partial seizures with initial behavioral arrest (motionless stare), followed by oroalimentary and manual automatisms. Vegetative-autonomic signs and symptoms are prominent and may involve cardiovascular, pupillary, gastrointestinal, sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregulatory functions. Auras occur frequently in isolation and typically consist of autonomic features.

Valproic acid

Epileptic spasms

Epileptic spasms are a peculiar seizure-type that usually manifest in infants as West syndrome. These seizures characteristically occur in daily clusters