Absence seizure patterns (self-induced)

Generalized 3-Hz spike or polyspike wave associated with clinical absence in two patients with self-induced seizures (Left) Absence seizure induced by intermittent photic stimulation. This patient had spontaneous, photically induced and noogenic seizures. He used noogenic processes for self-induction. (Right) Absence seizure induced by a pattern with vertical lines. This patient with learning difficulties had mainly self-induced pattern-sensitive epilepsy. She was also photosensitive. (Used with permission from: Panayiotopoulos CP. A clinical guide to epileptic syndromes and their treatment. Revised 2nd edition. London: Springer, 2010.)