Sleep Disorders
Drug-induced insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness
Jul. 19, 2021
MedLink®, LLC
3525 Del Mar Heights Rd, Ste 304
San Diego, CA 92130-2122
Toll Free (U.S. + Canada): 800-452-2400
US Number: +1-619-640-4660
Support: service@medlink.com
Editor: editor@medlink.com
ISSN: 2831-9125
Toll Free (U.S. + Canada): 800-452-2400
US Number: +1-619-640-4660
Support: service@medlink.com
Editor: editor@medlink.com
ISSN: 2831-9125
Nearly 3,000 illustrations, including video clips of neurologic disorders.
Every article is reviewed by our esteemed Editorial Board for accuracy and currency.
Full spectrum of neurology in 1,200 comprehensive articles.
Listen to MedLink on the go with Audio versions of each article.
Differentiation of eye-closure (as seen in photosensitivity) from eyes-closed abnormalities (as seen in fixation-off sensitivity). (A) Eye-closure-related abnormalities in a patient with Jeavons syndrome (eyelid myoclonia with absences). High-amplitude, generalized discharges occur within 1 to 3 seconds of closing the eyes in a lit room. These are of brief duration, do not continue in the resting period that the eyes are closed, and are totally inhibited in complete darkness. (B) Eyes closed-related abnormalities in a woman who probably has cryptogenic epilepsy with seizures related to fixation-off sensitivity. The EEG paroxysms last as long as the eyes are closed. They are abruptly inhibited when the eyes are opened. The response to fixation-off and fixation-on were similar, irrespective of the means by which they were elicited (eyes closed, darkness, +10 spherical lenses, Ganzfeld stimulation). The best practical means for testing fixation-off sensitivity is with underwater goggles covered with opaque tape. (Used with permission from: Panayiotopoulos CP. Reflex seizures and related epileptic syndromes: a clinical guide to epileptic syndromes and their treatment. Revised 2nd ed. London: Springer, 2010:497-531.)