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MRI characteristics in thyroid eye disease dysthyroid optic neuropathy

Coronal non‐EPI HASTE DWI MRI images ([a] = b0, [b] = b1000, [c] = ADC map) in a patient with severe thyroid eye disease. A region of interest has been placed in the left medial rectus muscle belly, showing markedly elevated ADC (1587) on (c). (d) Axial MRI T1 image, demonstrating radiological measurement of proptosis--the distance between the inter‐zygomatic line and the posterior globe in a patient with thyroid eye disease (normal range: 5.00 to 10.00 mm posterior to the inter‐zygomatic line). (e) Coronal MRI STIR image showing apical crowding (arrow) of the optic nerves bilaterally in a patient with thyroid eye disease and dysthyroid optic neuropathy. (From: Moledina M, Lee V, Bhatia K, et al. Radiological Activity Score [RAS]-MRI characteristics in dysthyroid optic neuropathy in a multi-ethnic thyroid eye disease population. Clin Endocrinol [Oxf] 2025;103[3]:385-95. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International [CC BY 4.0] license, creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.)

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Associated Disorders

  • Endocrine ophthalmopathy
  • Graves disease
  • Graves ophthalmopathy
  • Hashimoto thyroiditis
  • Hoffmann syndrome
  • Hyperthyroid myopathy
  • Hypothalamic dysfunction
  • Hypothyroid myopathy
  • Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome
  • Pituitary dysfunction
  • Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
  • Thyrotoxic myopathy
  • Thyrotoxic ocular myopathy