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Mitochondrial glutathione redox cycle and interaction with other antioxidant defenses

Detoxification of harmful lipid peroxides (Lipid-OOH) to their corresponding hydroxides (lipid-OH) by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and glutathione-S-transferases (GST). Control of mitochondrial protein glutathionylation (Prot-S-SG, Prot -SH) by glutaredoxin (GRX2) and thioredoxin 2 (TRX2). Legend: GPX4 = glutathione peroxidase 4; GRX2 = glutaredoxin; GST = glutathione-S-transferases; Lipid-OOH = lipid peroxide; Lipid-OH = lipid hydroxide; Prot -SH = mitochondrial protein with sulfhydryl group; Prot-S-SG = glutathionylated mitochondrial protein; TRX2= thioredoxin 2. (Source: Ribas V, García-Ruiz C, Fernández-Checa JC. Glutathione and mitochondria. Front Pharmacol 2014;5:151. Creative Commons Attribution license.)

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