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Regional brain volume loss associated with mean childhood blood lead level for the Cincinnati Lead Study Participants

A composite representation of regions with significant volume loss for male and female participants in the Cincinnati Lead Study (n = 157) associated with mean childhood blood lead level is shown with red and yellow clusters overlaid on a standard brain template. The first row presents views from the midline of the left and right hemispheres, respectively; the second row demonstrates views from the back and front of the cerebrum, respectively; the third row shows the lateral right and left hemispheres; and the fourth row shows views from below and above the cerebrum. (Source: Cecil KM, Brubaker CJ, Adler CM, et al. Decreased brain volume in adults with childhood lead exposure. PLoS Med 2008;5[5]:e112. Creative Commons Attribution License, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0.)

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  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
  • Communication disorder
  • Developmental delay
  • Hyperactivity
  • Iron deficiency
  • Iron deficiency anemia
  • Language disorder
  • Learning disabilities
  • Mental retardation
  • Pica