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Hypertensive encephalopathy: optic disc edema

Fundoscopy demonstrating bilateral disc edema, scattered cotton-wool spots, and AV-knicking consistent with hypertensive retinopathy in a patient who presented with hypertension and seizure. MRI for this patient demonstrated posterior vasogenic edema, suggesting that visual complaints were multifactorial both from retinal pathology and cerebral pathology. (Contributed by Dr. Catherine Albin.)

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Associated Disorders

  • Acute aortic dissection
  • Acute left ventricular failure
  • Anton syndrome (Cortical blindness)
  • Arteriovenous malformations of the brain
  • Cushing disease
  • Drug-induced cerebrovascular disease
  • Eclampsia (Seizures associated with eclampsia)
  • Focal clonic seizures
  • Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage
  • Illicit drug use: neurologic complications
  • Ischemic stroke
  • Lacunar hemorrhage (White matter abnormalities in the brain)
  • Lacunar infarction
  • Malignant hypertension
  • Myocardial ischemia
  • PCA infarction
  • Papilledema
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Posterior cerebral artery infarction
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Renal failure: neurologic complications
  • Vascular cognitive impairment