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Mechanism of the formation of the amyloid key and the Greek key

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(a) Schematic representation of the previously proposed mechanism of the formation of a Greek key.* (b) Schematic representation of the possible mechanism for the formation of an amyloid key. Thick continuous lines = the polypeptide chain; arrows = beta strands; spheres = side chains; dotted lines = backbone hydrogen bonds. *The Greek key structure is a secondary of proteins involving four anti-parallel beta strands connected by loop regions, resembling the continuous line pattern found on ancient Greek pottery. (From: Sharma K, Stockert F, Shenoy J, et al. Cryo-EM observation of the amyloid key structure of polymorphic TDP-43 amyloid fibrils. Nat Commun 2024;15[1]:486. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International [CC BY 4.0] license, creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.)