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Guyanese-British neurologist James Samuel Risien Russell

In 1900, Guyanese-British neurologist James Samuel Risien Russell (1863-1939) and colleagues coined the term "subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord" in their study of the neuropathological abnormalities commonly associated with pernicious anemia. (Courtesy of the Wellcome Collection. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)

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  • Alcohol-tobacco amblyopia
  • Cerebral vascular disease
  • Dementia
  • Depression
  • Developmental delay
  • Folate deficiency
  • Gastric resection
  • Glossitis
  • Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome
  • Malabsorption
  • Megaloblastic anemia
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  • Optic neuropathy
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  • Polyneuropathy
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  • Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord