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Anatomy of the oculosympathetic pathway
This is a 3-neuron chain. The first-order neuron originates in the hypothalamus and synapses in the intermediolateral cell column in the first thoracic segment. The second-order neuron originates in the spinal cord and synapses in the superior cervical ganglion. The third order neuron originates in the neck and terminates on the dilator muscle of the iris and in the Muller muscle in the upper lid. (Contributed by Dr. Jonathan Trobe from: Neuro-ophthalmology At Your Fingertips, https://fingertips.neuro-ophthalmology.med.umich.edu.)